You Searched For: ADIPOGEN CORP MS

Catalog Number: (102981-502)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: T cells require a signal induced by the engagement of the T cell receptor and a costimulatory signal(s) through distinct T cell surface molecules for optimal T cell activation and tolerance. CD273 (PD-L2) is one of two ligands for programmed death-1 (PD-1; CD279), a member of the CD28 family of immunoreceptors. The other identified ligand is PD-L1. CD273 is broadly expressed and also up regulated in a variety of tumor cell lines. On previously activated T cells, CD273 interaction with PD-1 inhibits TCR mediated proliferation and cytokine production, suggesting an inhibitory role in regulating immune responses. CD273 has a costimulatory function on resting T cells activated with suboptimal TCR signals.

Catalog Number: (102981-516)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Mouse CD275 (B7-H2) is a member of the growing B7 family of immune costimulatory proteins. CD275 has been identified as the ligand for ICOS, a member of the CD28 family of co-stimulatory receptors. Mouse CD275 is expressed on resting B cells and at low levels on monocytes. The CD275/ICOS interaction appears to play roles in T cell dependent B cell activation and Th differentiation.

Catalog Number: (102981-532)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: CD278, also called inducible costimulator (ICOS) or CRP1 (CD28-related protein-1), is a member of the growing CD28 family of immune costimulatory receptors. Other family members are CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-1. ICOS is expressed on most CD45RO+ cells. ICOS expression is upregulated within approximately 24-48 hours of activation on Th primed cells. B7-H2, a member of the B7 family of costimulatory ligands, has been identified as the ICOS ligand. The B7-H2/ICOS interaction appears to play roles in T cell dependent B cell activation and Th differentiation.

Catalog Number: (102979-342)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: CD273 (B7-DC; PD-L2) is a type I surface molecule with homology to CD80, CD86, CD274. It is expressed primarily by dendritic cells and provides a stimulatory signal to CD279 (PD-1; programmed death molecule) which has an important immunoregulatory role by downregulating the T cell response. CD273 binds to CD279 (PD-1) with a 2-6 fold higher affinity than CD274.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are closely related secreted ligands which bind with similar affinity to Tie-2. Tie-2 and angiopoietins have been shown to play critical roles in embryogenic angiogenesis and in maintaining the integrity of the adult vasculature. Ang-1 activates Tie-2 signaling on endothelial cells to promote chemotaxis, cell survival, cell sprouting, vessel growth and stabilization. Ang-2 has been identified as a secreted protein ligand of Tie-2 and has alternatively been reported to be an antagonist for Ang-1 induced Tie-2 signaling as well as an agonist for Tie-2 signaling, depending on the cell context.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: DNER is an activator of the Notch1 pathway. It mediates neuron-glia interaction during astrocytogenesis.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Potent protein kinase VEGFR2 inhibitor (2nm range). Binds to the pseudokinase domain of MLKL and blocks cell death by necroptosis, as well. With regards to its role in necroptosis, it is an ATP-mimetic that was shown to bind recombinant mouse MLKL pseudokinase domain, which showed inhibited TSQ-induced death of mouse dermal fibroblasts by delaying MLKL translocation to the membrane. Appears therefore to be a valuable reagent to inhibit necroptosis. It also provides an important proof-of-principle that targeting catalytically-dead pseudoenzymes represents a feasible, emerging therapeutic avenue.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) acts as a growth factor that increases the number of immune cells (lymphocytes (B cells and T cells)) by activating the hematopoietic progenitors. It binds to FLT3 (CD135) which is found on multipotent progenitor (MPP) and common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) cells in mice. FLT3L induces the mobilization of the hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells in vivo which may help the system to kill cancer cells. FLT3L is crucial for steady-state pDC (plasmacytoid dendritic cells) and cDC (classical dendritic cells) development. Deficiency of FLT3L causes a dramatic decrease in DC numbers, whereas increasing its availability increase in DC numbers.

Catalog Number: (102979-190)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Unmethylated CG dinucleotides within particular sequence contexts are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) that contain such CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) mimic microbial DNA. The innate immune system of vertebrates has the ability to recognize CpG motifs in microbial DNA via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 if the CpG ODN were free of additional immune stimulatory contaminants often present in synthetic commercial CpG ODN preparations designed for molecular biology applications (i.e. PCR). Given that high quality CpG ODNs were used, a close link has been established between the expression of TLR9 on certain immune cell subsets and the modulation of the immune system by CpG DNA. Different types of CpG ODNs were identified based on their differing biological effects on different cell types: ODN Type A is a potent inducer of IFN-alpha in human PDC, (i.e. ODN 1585 or 2216) leading to antigen presenting cell (APC) maturation, whereas ODN Type B (i.e. ODN 2006 or ODN 1668 / ODN 1826) is a weak inducer of IFN-alpha but rather stimulates IL-8 production and increasing costimulatory and Ag-presenting molecules and triggers proliferation of B-cells and IgM and IL-6 production. A third type of CpG ODN has been identified, termed ODN Type C, with both high induction of INF-alpha in PDC and activation of B-cells. The sequence of CpG Type C (also called K) (i.e. ODN 2395 or M362) combines elements of both Type A and Type B and contains a central palindromic sequence with CG dinucleotides, a characteristic feature of Type A, and a TCGTCG motif at the 5' end, present in Type B CpG ODNs. Although the CpG motifs are thought to differ between mice and humans, in both species the recognition of CpG ODNs is mediated by TLR9. The optimal CpG motif in humans is GTCGTT and GACGTT for the murine sequence. However, recent evidence suggests that this sequence specificity is restricted to phosphorothioate (PS)-modified ODN and is not observed when a natural phosphodiester backbone is used. In recent years sequence requirements, specificity, signalling pathways and kinetics of the TLR9 suppression by inhibitory ODNs (iODNs) have been investigated.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Activation of cells by LPS is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). For optimal interaction with LPS, TLR4 requires association with myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2). According to current consensus activation of TLR4 is preceded by the transfer of LPS to membrane-bound (m) or soluble (s) CD14 by LPS-binding protein (LBP). Re-form LPS and lipid A, but not S-form LPS, are capable of inducing TNF-alpha responses also in the absence of CD14. LPS, synthesized by most wild-type (WT) Gram-negative bacteria (S-form LPS), consists of three regions, the O-polysaccharide chain, which is made up of repeating oligosaccharide units, the core oligosaccharide and the lipid A, which harbors the endotoxic activity of the entire molecule. R-form LPS synthesized by the so-called rough (R) mutants of Gram-negative bacteria lacks the O-specific chain. Furthermore, the core-oligosaccharide may be present in different degrees of completion, depending on the class (Ra to Re) to which the mutant belongs. LPS are amphipathic molecules whose hydrophobicity decreases with increasing length of the sugar part. Based upon these differences, S- and R-form LPS show marked differences in the kinetics of their blood clearance and cellular uptake as well as in the ability to induce oxidative burst in human granulocytes and to activate the host complement system.

Catalog Number: (102981-760)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD66b (CEACAM8, CGMb, NCA-95, CD67) is a 95kD member of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) group. It is expressed on granulocytes and functions as an adhesion molecule. Similar to the CD66 a, c, and d isoforms, engagement of CD66b on neutrophils causes increased adhesion to endothelial cells. Crosslinking CD66b on neutrophils with antibodies triggers IL-8 release.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: CI-1040 (PD184352) is an orally active, highly specific, small-molecule inhibitor of MEK1/2, which is a key component of the ERK/MAPK pathway. It has an IC(50) of 17nM.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: G-CSF is a pleiotropic cytokine best known for its specific effects on the proliferation, differentiation and activation of hematopoietic cells of the neutrophilic granulocyte lineage. It is produced mainly by monocytes and macrophages upon activation by endotoxin, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Other cell types including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, astrocytes and bone marrow stromal cells can also secrete G-CSF after LPS, IL-1 or TNF-alpha activation. In addition, various carcinoma cell lines and myeloblastic leukemia cells can express G-CSF constitutively. G-CSF stimulates growth, differentiation and functions of cells from the neutrophil lineage in vitro. Consistent with its in vitro functions, G-CSF has been found to play important roles in defense against infection, in inflammation and repair and in the maintenance of steady state hematopoiesis. Recombinant human G-CSF has been approved for the amelioration of chemotherapy induced neutropenia as well as for severe chronic neutropenia following marrow transplant.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: NVP-BEZ235 is an imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline derivative that inhibits PI3K and mTOR kinase activity by binding to the ATP-binding cleft of these enzymes. In cellular settings using human tumor cell lines, this molecule is able to effectively and specifically block the dysfunctional activation of the PI3K pathway, inducing G1 arrest at IC(50) values 3-10nM in biological cell growth and viability assays. In addition NVP-BEZ235 shows effective IC(50) values in in vitro tests against mTor and PI3K family members of 10nM.

Catalog Number: (102513-882)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a key factor in the transition between innate and adaptive immune responses secreted by activated T cells. The IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) is expressed in lymphoid tissue, in particular by NK, B, T and dendritic cells, macrophages and endothelial cells. Recent evidence suggests that IL-21 plays a supportive role in the proliferation of T and B cells and influences the cytolytic activity of natural killer cells. IL-21 has been shown to up-regulate genes associated with innate immunity and to inhibit the differentiation of naïve T helper cells. IL-21 specifically inhibits IFN-gamma production from developing TH1 cells and is preferentially expressed by TH2 cells. Furthermore IL-21 has been identified as a growth and survival factor for human myeloma cells. IL-21/IL-21R interactions have a unique role in sequentially activating both innate and adaptive immune responses against poorly immunogenic tumors, leading to tumor rejection that is perforin dependent but IFN-gamma independent.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic alpha-helical cytokine that plays important roles in acute phase reactions, inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism and cancer progression. IL-6 activity is essential for the transition from acute inflammation to either acquired immunity or chronic inflammatory disease. It is secreted by multiple cell types as a 22kDa-28kDa phosphorylated and variably glycosylated molecule. IL-6 induces signaling through a cell surface heterodimeric receptor complex composed of a ligand binding subunit (IL-6R) and a signal transducing subunit (gp130). IL-6 is a key factor for the growth of plasma cells.