You Searched For: ADIPOGEN CORP MS

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: FGF-2 (Basic fibroblast growth factor) belongs to the FGF superfamily that is made up of 22 different fibroblast growth factor genes. FGF-2 and FGF-1 (acidic FGF) are unique in that they do not follow the conventional signal sequence for secretion. FGF-2 is found in five isoforms via alternative initiation of translation. Signaling of FGF-2 occurs through the high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors FGFR1-4. FGF-2 is a potent wide-spectrum mitogen whose overexpression is associated with immortalization and unregulated cell proliferation in many tumors. FGF-2 functions in angiogenesis, cell survival, tissue repair, embryonic development and inflammation. FGF-2 is widely used to maintain the self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and to induce pluripotent stem cells. FGF-2 is an established neurogenic factor for proliferation and differentiation of multipotent neural stem cells both during development and in the adult mouse brain as well.

Catalog Number: (102979-974)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: alpha-Actinin 4 is an actin-bundling protein of ~100kDa that is associated with cell motility, endocytosis and cancer invasion. The alpha-actinin family comprises two non-muscle isoforms (alpha-actinin-1 and -4) and two skeletal muscle isoforms (alpha-actinin-2 and -3), with alpha-actinin-2 being also expressed in cardiac muscle. While alpha-actinin-4 is almost ubiquitously expressed, particularly high concentrations are found in glomeruli. On the subcellular level it is associated with actin stress fibers, but in certain cells it also localizes to the nucleus. Mutations in the alpha-actinin-4 gene cause an autosomal-dominant form of familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which is thought to result from a defect in glomerular podocyte function. A point mutation in the alpha-actinin-4 gene was found to generate an antigenic peptide that is recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) on a human lung carcinoma. alpha-Actinin-4 interacts with a variety of proteins, including the ring finger protein BERP, the PDZ-LIM protein CLP-36, the hemidesmosomal and cell-cell contact protein BP180, and the tight junction protein MAGI-1. Moreover, alpha-actinin-4 forms a ternary complex with Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and densin-180, a protein of postsynaptic densities in CNS neurons. Ca2+-dependent association of alpha-actinin-4 with E3KARP is required for Ca2+-dependent inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3).

Catalog Number: (102979-196)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Unmethylated CG dinucleotides within particular sequence contexts are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) that contain such CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) mimic microbial DNA. The innate immune system of vertebrates has the ability to recognize CpG motifs in microbial DNA via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 if the CpG ODN were free of additional immune stimulatory contaminants often present in synthetic commercial CpG ODN preparations designed for molecular biology applications (i.e. PCR). Given that high quality CpG ODNs were used, a close link has been established between the expression of TLR9 on certain immune cell subsets and the modulation of the immune system by CpG DNA. Different types of CpG ODNs were identified based on their differing biological effects on different cell types: ODN Type A is a potent inducer of IFN-alpha in human PDC, (i.e. ODN 1585 or 2216) leading to antigen presenting cell (APC) maturation, whereas ODN Type B (i.e. ODN 2006 or ODN 1668 / ODN 1826) is a weak inducer of IFN-alpha but rather stimulates IL-8 production and increasing costimulatory and Ag-presenting molecules and triggers proliferation of B-cells and IgM and IL-6 production. A third type of CpG ODN has been identified, termed ODN Type C, with both high induction of INF-alpha in PDC and activation of B-cells. The sequence of CpG Type C (also called K) (i.e. ODN 2395 or M362) combines elements of both Type A and Type B and contains a central palindromic sequence with CG dinucleotides, a characteristic feature of Type A, and a TCGTCG motif at the 5' end, present in Type B CpG ODNs. Although the CpG motifs are thought to differ between mice and humans, in both species the recognition of CpG ODNs is mediated by TLR9. The optimal CpG motif in humans is GTCGTT and GACGTT for the murine sequence. However, recent evidence suggests that this sequence specificity is restricted to phosphorothioate (PS)-modified ODN and is not observed when a natural phosphodiester backbone is used. In recent years sequence requirements, specificity, signalling pathways and kinetics of the TLR9 suppression by inhibitory ODNs (iODNs) have been investigated.

Catalog Number: (102979-948)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Betatrophin (RIFL; Lipasin; Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8)) is a newly discovered secreted protein of 198 aa that was proposed to promote beta cell proliferation and improve glucose tolerance in mice. Betatrophin may also function in inhibition of lipase activity and on serum triglyceride regulation. Betatrophin is expressed in the liver and in white and brown adipose tissue of mice. In humans, betatrophin is found to be predominantly expressed in the liver. Betatrophin levels are reduced by fasting and are elevated upon insulin resistance and during pregnancy. Betatrophin, according to preliminary data could bind to the macrophage receptor Marco and also to RTN4R, a neuronal receptor. Recently, a study using ANGPTL8 KO mice showed that ANGPTL8/Betatrophin does not play a role in beta cell proliferation nor in glycemic control as previously thought, but regulates plasma triglyceride levels.

Catalog Number: (102981-716)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Methylglyoxal (MG), an endogenous metabolite that increases in diabetes and is a common intermediate in the Maillard reaction (glycation), reacts with proteins and forms advanced glycation end products (AGE). MG reacts with arginine residue in protein and forms numerous numbers of adducts, such as argpyrimidine.

Catalog Number: (102980-002)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: The inflammatory actions of IL-1alpha and beta depend on their interaction with its receptor, IL-1R1, and can be negatively controlled by several inhibitors such as IL-1Ra, IL-1R type 2 (IL-1R2), SIGIRR and the soluble form of IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-1R2 neutralizes IL-1 either as a surface decoy receptor or in a cleaved and secreted form. IL-1R2 is expressed on B cells, on neutrophils and on in vitro expanded human Tregs.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: HDAC 1 inhibitor. Antitumor compound. Antiproliferative. TGF-beta type II receptor inducer. Apoptosis inducer. Anti-inflammatory. Angiogenesis inhibitor. Review. Promotes either self-renewal or differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Potent CDK1/cyclin B (IC50 = 35 nM) inhibitor. Anti-tumor compound Potent inhibitor of CDK2/cyclin A, CDK2/cyclin E (IC50 = 200 nM), CDK5/p25 (IC50 = 40 nM), CDK5/p35 (IC50 = 40 nM). GSK-3beta (glycogen synthase kinase-3beta) inhibitor. Apoptosis inhibitor. Apoptosis inducer. Angiogenesis inhibitor.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Anti-cancer compound. Cell synchronization agent. Used as a drug in chemotherapy by synchronizing tumor cells at metaphase, the radiosensitive stage of the cell cycle. Microtubule assembly inhibitor. Depolymerizes microtubules and limits microtubule formation (inactivates spindle fibre formation). Inhibits mitosis during cell division at metaphase by inhibiting spindle formation. Low concentrations affect microtubule dynamics and cell migration, while high concentrations promote microtubule detachment from microtubule organizing center. Apoptosis inducer. Thrombopoietic agent.

Catalog Number: (102516-294)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Potent and selective PPARgamma agonist with no activation of PPARalpha and PPARdelta. Anti-diabetic agent with potent glucose-lowering effects and decreasing insulin resistance in adipose tissues. Stimulates adipogenesis. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest inducer in several cancer cell lines. Anti-inflammatory. Inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration.

Catalog Number: (102515-788)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Cell permeable marine toxin. Disrupts microfilament-mediated processes. Actin polymerization inhibitor in vitro and in vivo by the formation of a 1:1 complex with monomeric G-actin. Depolymerizes actin filaments (F-actin). Less potent than Latrunculin A. May have fewer unwanted effects than latrunculin A and may be preferred for short-term studies. Acts via a different mechanism than cytochalasins.

Catalog Number: (102515-820)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Anticancer compound. Chemopreventive. Shows anti-metastatic activity in prostate cancer cells through enhancement of cell-cell adhesion. Anti-invasive compound. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3 beta) inhibitor.

Catalog Number: (102515-818)

Supplier: Adipogen

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Nampt/visfatin inhibitor. Inhibitor of NAD+ biosynthesis. Inhibits the enzyme/substrate complex and the free enzyme (Ki = 0.4 nM and Ki = 0.3 nM, respectively). Apoptosis inducer. Autophagy inducer. Causes premature senescence. Angiogenesis inhibitor.

Catalog Number: (102515-854)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Potent microtubule assembly inhibitor. Anticancer compound. Cell death inducer. DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor. Cell cycle inhibitor at the metaphase. Antiviral and antihelminthic.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: p53 inhibitor. Reversibly blocks p53-dependent transcriptional activation. Tool to combat side effects of cancer therapy. Apoptosis inhibitor.