You Searched For: Proteins and Peptides

Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-basic), also known as FGF-2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. FGF-basic also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. FGF-basic is a critical component for embryonic stem cell culture systems and is necessary for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. Degredation of the full length FGF-basic N-terminus results in a truncated FGF-basic 147aa protein, when the protein is isolated from biological sources. The N-terminus extensions influence the localization of FGF-basic within the cell, but do not affect the biological activity of FGF-basic. Therefore, there are no detectable differences in biological activity between the full length FGF-basic 154aa and the truncated FGF-basic 147aa recombinant proteins.</p>

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-acidic), also known as FGF-1, is a potent inducer of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and has chemotactic activities. FGF-acidic regulates cardiogenesis through protein kinase C signaling. FGF-acidic also functions as an insulin sensitizer and mediates adipose tissue remodeling. High serum levels of FGF-acidic are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting a pathogenic role of FGF-acidic during T2DM.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) is a member of the bone morphogenetic sub-family (BMP) and functions as a critical element involved in the culture and differentiation of stem cells. Active BMP-4 consists of forming a homodimer or a heterodimer with related BMPs, such as BMP-7. BMP-4 is integral in stem cell cultures and the differentiation of mesoderm and ectoderm from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs and ESCs). BMP-4 is used in protocols for culturing cardiomyocytes, early hematopoietic cells, hepatocytes, bone, cartilage, adipocytes and lung, as well as, inhibition of early neuronal differentiation.</p>

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B Ligand (RANK Ligand) is a cell-bound marker related to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins. RANK Ligand plays a critical role in bone metabolism and osteoclast differentiation. T cell expression of RANK Ligand promotes dendritic cell maturation.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is hematopoietic growth factor produced by endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and T cells. GM-CSF stimulates the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. PDGF synthesis is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β and EGF signaling. PDGF functions as a mitogenic growth hormone on cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as smooth muscle and glial cells. PDGF is also stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and is released upon adherence to traumatized tissues. PDGF is a dimeric glycoprotein formed by two A chains (AA), two B chains (BB), or as a heterodimer with an A and a B chain (AB). The PDGF dimer binds the cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways.</p>

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Amphiregulin (AR) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. AR is an autocrine growth factor and functions to regulate cell proliferation and survival through binding the EGF receptor (EGFR). AR promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells and epithelial cells, including keratinocytes and mammary epithelium. Up-regulated at puberty, AR promotes ductal outgrowth and mammary branching. In the liver, AR functions as a mitogen and prevents hepatocyte apoptosis. In a cancer context, AR protects against human adenocarcinoma apoptosis, promotes tumor cell growth, and functions as an oncogenic factor in the Hippo pathway. AR levels are increased in the brain following stress events, such as inflammation, ischemia, and hypoxia.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3 ligand) is a growth factor that regulates hematopoietic cell proliferation. FLT-3 ligand signalling is transmitted through the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3) receptor. FLT-3 ligand promotes the long-term expansion and differentiation of pro-B cells in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7) or in combination of IL-7 and interleukin 3 (IL-3). Human FLT-3 ligand is active on mouse cells.</p>

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is produced by lymphocytes. IL-2 signals through the IL-2R receptor to induce activated T cell proliferation and promote T cell differentiation. IL-2 also stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. PDGF synthesis is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and EGF signaling. PDGF functions as a mitogenic growth hormone on cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as smooth muscle and glial cells. PDGF is also stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and is released upon adherence to traumatized tissues. PDGF is a dimeric glycoprotein formed by two A chains (AA), two B chains (BB), or as a heterodimer with an A and a B chain (AB). The PDGF dimer binds the cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Resistin-like molecule-beta (RELM-β) is a member of the RELM family of secreted proteins containing conserved C-terminus cysteines. The RELM family consists of Resistin (FIZZ3), RELM-α (FIZZ1), RELM-β (FIZZ2), and RELM-ɣ (FIZZ4). Resistin and RELM-β are the only RELM family members found in humans, whereas all four RELM family members are present in rodents. RELM-β functions to increase fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, resulting in airway remodeling and increased inflammation.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a member of the common-gamma chain family of cytokines that are involved in immunoregulation. IL-21 is normally expressed by activated CD4+ T cells. The IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and is expressed on T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells. Within the B cell lineage, IL-21 is a switch factor regulating IgG1 and IgG3 antibody production. IL-21 also cooperates with interleukin 4 (IL-4) for the production of multiple antibody classes in B cells. IL-21 has pleiotropic effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions of B, T, NK, and dendritic cells.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a hematopoietic cytokine produced in several tissues including the heart, liver, and prostate. TSLP induces the release of T-cell attracting chemokines from monocytes, and regulates the maturation of myeloid and epidermal dendritic cells. TSLP signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex containing the TSLP receptor (TSLP-R/CRLF2) and IL-7R alpha chain.</p>

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 beta (MIP-3 β), also called CCL19, is a chemokine that is expressed in the thymus, lymph nodes, and activated bone marrow stromal cells. MIP-3 β signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CCR7 to regulate normal lymphocyte recirculation. MIP-3 β also functions during T cell trafficking to the thymus, and in T cell and B cell homing to the lymph nodes and secondary lymphoid organs. Human MIP-3 β shows activity on mouse cells.</p>

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) binds the interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) to antagonize interleukin 1 alpha and beta signaling. IL-1RA is secreted by immune cells, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes to inhibit IL-1-induced inflammation.

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